A Historical Perspective of ELT by Michael E. Rudder, Ph.D
Michael E. Rudder, Ph.D.
Regional English Language Officer
U.S. Embassy - Jakarta, Indonesia
| RELEVANT ASPECTS RETAINED |
| Grammar-Translation |
Deductive learning of grammar
Translation of sentences
Emphasis on accuracy |
| Audiolingual |
Inductive learning
Practice drills
Vocabulary in context |
| Total Physical Response (TPR) |
Attention to meaning rather than form
Learning by doing
Learner-centered |
| Community Language Learning (CLL) |
Holistic approach
Humanistic aspect of language learning (learner-
centered)
Group-work activities |
| Natural Approach |
Emphasis on communication
Role of error correction
Input Hypothesis and Affective Filter Hypothesis |
| Silent Way |
Ratio of Teacher-Talk vs Student-Talk
Visuals
Problem-solving (task-based) |
| Suggestopedia |
Environment
Music and relaxation |
| Communicative Language Teaching |
Communicative + Linguistic Competence
Contextualization of content
Emphasis on meaning and form
Integration of skills
Teacher: motivator, facilitator, resourceful
Student: interactive, active role
Cooperative learning (info sharing/negotiation of
meaning/interaction)
Materials: task-based and authentic
Emphasis on fluency with communicative practice |
|
LESSONS LEARNED
» Approach needs to be flexible rather than prescriptive.
» Consider objectives (specific and general) for all parts of the lesson.
» Involve students in decision-making and planning.
» Don’t throw out the baby with the bath water - to get rid of the good parts as well as the bad parts of something when you are trying to improve it. Eg: You can’t close the airport because one airline has problems — that’s just throwing out the baby with the bath water.
His insights towards learning of English Language -
1. Practice is the key!
2. Don’t worry about mistakes!
3. Have fun with Learning!
Tags: English as second language·English for Asian·English Language Teaching and Learning·how to learn english effectively·How to teach English as second language
